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PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments.
PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. 7. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice
! Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. /Parent 2 0 R Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter.
Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia /Subtype /Image
Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Hon. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. Population of the country In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. You are welcome dear reader. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . by the federal or any state government. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the.
Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. /Filter /FlateDecode The Plural nature of Nigeria. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. >> Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. << Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Adobe d C Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and.
Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the .
The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. %PDF-1.5 Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. 6 0 obj Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Required fields are marked *. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba.
True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. >> In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. % To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office .
Rt. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. /F7 24 0 R What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle.
Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. What is federalism? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Email Address. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market.
Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. 3 0 obj Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism.
(PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. . The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria.