In this first chapter were also presented major biographical data on Salingers life and on his literary works in chronological order in order to emphasize the similarities and differences between his life and some of the events presented in his fiction. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. The most frequent types of difficulties arising from translation that can be proposed to assess in any translation are the following: The method of penalization of errors must be previously established, using clear criteria, and placing emphasis on the lack of coherence, especially regarding meaning and sense, whether it is due to faulty translation, missing items or the wrong application of lexical, semantic, grammatical, graphemic and/or cultural transfer. I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. Consequently, Holden tries to punch him, but Stradlater wrestles him to the ground and puts his knees on his chest. You Have to Read in the course of. Salinger uses loneliness also as a means to change in life. And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. By the late 1950s, as Salinger became more reclusive and involved in religious study, Hamilton notes that his stories became longer, less plot-driven, and increasingly filled with digression and parenthetical remarks. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. Holden is upset with the show more content Holden writes an essay for his friend Stradlater for school .Holden writes a composition about Allies glove and the writings on Allie's mitt . This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. It is his catch-all for describing the superficiality, hypocrisy, pretension, and shallowness that he encounters in the world around him. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. I shoot people in this hat.. Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. Here will be discussed the impact Salinger had, and still has, on writers worldwide. . In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. The main reasons for the novels extensive banning refer to the colloquial and slang language used by Holden Caulfield and to the books sexual content. When done on synchronic level, this kind of code switching is called a paraphrase. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. Do you know why Holden agrees with Stradlaters demand to write for him a composition? Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. Also he tells the reader he's not excited to find out abut this favor and that guys like Stradlater always think people want to do things for them. At this work, Salinger uses the technique of the interior monologue; this procedure reinforces the little stream of consciousness of Holden (we can appreciate his way of thinking). The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. . (J. D. Salinger: 7). The obstacle for the translator consists in recognizing phraseologisms. First, they dont contain all phraseologisms, then because every day new ones are formed, and lastly because dictionaries have a limited length and cannot contain all. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author., Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. As Phoebe points out, Holden has misheard the lyric. A lot of critics were expressed after the publishing of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. This study on lexical pecularities and translation difficulties in a literary work are addressed to everybody but especially to pupils and students, also and the practical value of this research is that these features of an analyses is better understood and used by students and by everybody who is interested in, it facilitate the possibility of using and practice it day by day in the research and make it more expressive and colorful. Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." assignments. Salinger. Their meaning cannot be deduced from their components or any arrangement thereof, and must be learned as a whole. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. It is an implicit comparison of two unlike objects. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. When rendering stylistic meaning of the source text a translator should be guided by the same principle to recreate in translation the same impression that might be left by the original text. Lotman describes literature and art in general as a secondary modelling systems, as an indication of the fact that they are derived from the primary modelling system of language, and declares as firmly as Sapir or Whorf that `No language can exist unless it is stepped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language.' This, the passage in which Holden reveals the source of the book's title, is perhaps the most famous in the book. Salinger's portrayal of Holden, which includes incidents of depression, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, vulgarity, and other erratic behavior, have all attributed to the controversial nature of the novel. Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, The Catcher in The Rye: Depression Catcher, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in the Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger., Holder In The Catcher in the Rye By J. D. Salinger, get custom Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). Stradlater is a "Yearbook" kind of handsome guy. This novel revolutionised the society of the Fifties; as well as the style of J.D. J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. All this explanations or meanings of these words were used in the novel and through these exemples the it could be resulted that the authors vocabulary in this novel is very rich. This is achieved, as in case with other devices, by awakening the dichotomy of thought and feeling where thought takes the upper hand though not to the detriment of feeling. Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. If Fred and Joe address the issue of whether or not Fred's cat has fleas, Joe may state: "Fred, your cat has fleas. But it is what we aim at. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. It would be conclusive to say that critics of The Catcher in the Rye have legitimate criticisms of the novel, while advocates and supporters of the story's message also have expressed veritable praise. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. An important lexical pecularity single out in Salingers writing is the metaphor and in the same time which is one of the main stylistic device used in The Catcher in the Rye. In this case it can go unnoticed in everyday conversation, like she attacked my views. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. Difference in the semantic structure of a word represents one of the main reason causing lexical difficulties in translation. The first chapter of this study shall define the notion of Translation difficulties and present the representatives of the Modern period and some critics about one of the representative of this period which is J. Salinger, the other novelty was the big critic of the society that it represented. Already a member? This quotation is from Holden's conversation with Spencer in Chapter 2. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. The reader wants to know not only what happened but how it all ended and what it all meant. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. He gives a brief description of Allie, mentioning his bright red hair. The best one in it was The Secret Goldfish. There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. Works Cited Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. He also says that Allie was an incredibly nice, innocent child. Observe the cat is scratching right now." Gradation of epithets, that is a sequence of synonymous epithets, is constructed on a different basis in English and in Romanian. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title The law of compensation is a technique used in translation to make up for the losses present in the TT and it works by (re)creating other effects, similar to the ones specific to the ST but in the TT when possible and using the TL resources, a law applicable in the Romanian versions discussed. [11:p 65]. He is angry at life for being so unfair. Several years before, Allie died of leukemia. So they gave up looking.. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. New York Times Book Review 15 July 1951, 5. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. So it can be concluded that Salinger tries to explain what these three elements can do for search the true happiness. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. It should be mentioned that word combinability is possible if words point to similar objects they denote. One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. My Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. This is not always so obvious. "The Catcher in the Rye" is supposedly being written in the first person by a sixteen-year-old boy. Where is Holden as he narrates the story? Read more about relationships, intimacy, and sexuality as a motif. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Ackley's room In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. To respect, whenever possible, all the syntax and lexical repetitions, shoot the bull = telling lies, small talk. Another detail is that the hats color, red is the same color as Allies and Phoebes hair. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date,Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . Allie felt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Ill just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy. For example: it was made a calques translation from miles an hour ; the places mentioned in the source text (Hollywood and New York) stay in the target text, although New York is translated into New York, which is the generally accepted Romanian translation (recognized translation). Salinger's writing style is pointed out through a very open and explicit way. cookie policy. That's a deer shooting hat.. 20% Taking into account the total context, including the intended audience and important details such as regionalisms. Paradigmatic and semantic relations are characteristic to any words and the lexical potential of words can be revealed in both cases. International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. Yet the novel is not without its sharp advocates, who argue that it is a critical look at the problems facing American youth during the 1950's. For example, Louis Menand said that the early stories of Pulitzer Prize- winner Philip Roth- were affected by J. D. Salinger. In the same way that the surgeon, operating on the heart, cannot neglect the body that surrounds it, so the translator treats the text in isolation from the culture at his peril. As mentioned above, the language in The Catcher in the Rye contains many American slang expressions. We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. More books than SparkNotes. It is significant that in the final sentence Holden uses the second-person pronoun you instead of the first-person me. It seems to be an attempt to distance him from the inevitable process of change. Holden gets up and goes into Ackleys room, his face covered in blood. Absence of some corresponding word or lexical-semantic variant in both languages is also one of the reasons of applying additional words in translation. This is a people shooting hat, I said. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Continue to start your free trial. You can use it as an example when writing His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. When he calls him a moron, Stradlater warns him to be quiet, but he only . "Mad about Children." There are different types of translation difficulties. He doesn't say yes directly because he doesn't want to write it for him. The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. What is Holdens relationship with Phoebe like? Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. It was tried to achieve this aim by centering on the case study of comparing and analyzing in detail the differences and similarities, the gains and the losses that have occurred both in the English and in the Romanian versions. It is a comparison of two objects when the linkage is made explicit, like drumming like a noise in dreams. Here, we see how deeply his desire for independence is connected to his feeling of alienation, to the bitterness he has for the rest of the world. Accessed 4 Mar. It is clear inthe early chapters, that Holden does not have any real friendsat Pency Prep. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. The ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring, thus symbolizing change that isn't permanent, but cyclical. Its possible that Salingers character in this case, Holden- is expressed in his own works: some literary critics insist that the author is very controversial, and his novels are not simple. The fact that a novel of such radical social opinion and observation was written in a time of conservatism in America made it all the more controversial. I swear to God I don't (Chapter 9). They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. Not so. He wrote this terrific book of short stories, []. The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). He wrote this terrific book of short stories, The Secret Goldfish, in case you never heard of him. Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. You can view our. In conclusion can be said that a translation does not necessarily have to be better than another one, all it has to do is to achieve its goal and reach its target audience successfully. for a group? It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. Holden then asks Stradlater who the girl he was dating was. So it is the central. The author used the hyperbole which is deliberate overstatement or exaggeration and the aim of this hyperbole is to intensify the main features of the novel and to show its utter absurdity. We often deal with paraphrasing when trying to explain or define things.
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