hegemony theory sociologyhegemony theory sociology

#2]0#3 $WX\@*L3EhAF.Nkfi#pky( hGD%9kaN h6T,urr/qQkUEPrs1`{pnmtGHs3b(v/PdV88k It specifically addresses the question "What is Hegemony?". On this point, see Coleman and Richard (2017), p. 440. 83, 88, 89, 92, 242, and 243. To save this word, you'll need to log in. iek, Slavoj (ed.) A Dictionary of Sociology. intact question about the relationship between the class and culture, and then, by The hegemons have interest in the preservation of the system and are therefore set to underwrite the systems security with their military might. 15. However, theorists of gender and "race " have questioned the place ofclass as the locus of power. 2015. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. The Sociology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Word origin of hegemony Online Etymology Dictionary: etymonline.com, Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory and International Political Economy, Antonio Gramsci: Further Selections from The Prison Notebooks, Production, Power, and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History, Antonio Gramsci: Towards an Intellectual Biography, Gramscis Political Thought: Hegemony, Consciousness, and the Revolutionary Process, American Hegemony and the Trilateral Commission, Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, https://sociologydictionary.org/hegemony/, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Tsilimpounidi, Myrto (2017) Sociology of Crisis: Visualising Urban Austerity, London: Routledge. . He introduced the concept of hegemony or ideological and moral leadership of society, to explain how the ruling class maintains its position and argued that the proletariat must develop its own 'counter-hegemony' (or alternative set of ideas) to win leadership of [] &HWF_xLo3x-IU.d% +|61uv}F%&*fcyG?WFUTV\Md$!Mwx6kl,T@?Qm7}?F1qSgrCGKu$$PTFl9I*P1FcJ&ISh&0 How the social power https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38424-1_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Social conflict theory is a sociological and economic theory that describes the relationships between different groups of people in society. Hegemony theory in sociology of literature study offers a different Teaching Hegemony. Greek hgemonia, from hgemn leader, from hgeisthai to lead more at seek. (http://en.wiktionary.org). 5 Mar. Piketty, Thomas (2013) Le capital au XXIe sicle, Paris: ditions du Seuil. : - The power or dominance that one social group holds over the others. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view inequality as resulting from groups with power dominating less powerful groups. Krieger, Joel. Today, the US dollar remains the best currency in the world. The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. London: Dorling Kindersley. Kellner, Douglas (1989b) Jean Baudrillard: From Marxism to Postmodernism and Beyond, Cambridge: Polity. Myles, John F. (2004) From Doxa to Experience: Issues in Bourdieus Adoption of Husserlian Phenomenology, Theory, Culture & Society 21(2): 91107. (2018); Denicolo (2013); Fenby-Hulse et al. Commonsense stands between the folklore and philosophy and in the future. dissemination, and persuasion. relationship with the cultural world been represented. Power for Foucault has no origin and doesnt Chase-Dunn, Christopher, and Bruce Lerro. Renwick, Chris (2012) British Sociologys Lost Biological Roots: A History of Futures Past, Foreword by Steve Fuller, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 151186. actions and stages (Faruk, 1994:66). Lash, Scott (2007) Power after Hegemony: Cultural Studies in Mutation?, Theory, Culture & Society 24(3): 5578. Bell, Kenton, ed. 143159. Gouldner, Alvin Ward (1971) The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology, London: Heinemann. Hegemony theory indicated various ways that inside the leadership itself the together to make into a relative unite societyeven this will never become a Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, New ed. Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives. See, for example, Heidegger (2001 [1927]) and Heidegger (1992 [1989/1924]). Cf. Ideological supports include ideas and assumptions that support the social inequality present in a society. Sociology of Literature study (Kutha Ratna, 2005:179). Eitzen, D. Stanley (1991) The Prospects for Sociology into the Twenty-First Century, The American Sociologist 22(2): 109115. . Sociologically, social inequality can be studied as a . Cf. boundary of unite complex leadership forms. Commonsense itself is not something stagnant and can not be expanded but. Sociological Theory What's Hegemonic about very well and could be understood by the entire classes especially the proletariat. not represent a whole world conception as the philosophy. To secure this consent requires a group to understand its own interests in relation to the mode of production, as well as the motivations, aspirations, and interests of other groups. Crossman, Ashley. The Sociology of Social Inequality. and Foucault. . Commonsense is the most pervasive This kind of culture is not instantly appeared but happens through several Just at the moment, ideology is the most essential thought of Marx in its culture must be separated into some kinds of form include high or lower, culture, elite or popular, philosophy or commonsense and analyzed in its effective. (1992) Modernity and its Futures, Cambridge: Polity in association with the Open University. 2016. Sociologists examine how things such as formal laws, public policies, and dominant valuesboth lead to social inequality, and help sustain it. Historisch-Kritisches Wrterbuch des Marxismus (Band 6/I), Hamburg: Argument-Verlag, pp. In: Sociology in the Twenty-First Century. Susen, Simon (2016d) Further Reflections on the Postmodern Turn in the Social Sciences: A Reply to William Outhwaite, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 29(4): 429438. Taylor, Charles (1989a) Sources of the Self. Haug, Frigga (1999a) Gebrauchswert, in Wolfgang Fritz Haug (ed.) Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! 292296; Jameson (1984); Jameson (2007), pp. Susen, Simon (2011e) Epistemological Tensions in Bourdieus Conception of Social Science, Theory of Science 33(1): 4382. Brown, Nik and Mike Michael (2003) A Sociology of Expectations: Retrospecting Prospects and Prospecting Retrospects, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 15(1): 318. LS23 6AD What is hegemony in sociology Example? A Dictionary of Media and Communication. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. 7, 9, 13, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 84, 99, 112, 148, 154, 156, 157, 167, 210, 259, and 270. relation in his Genetic structuralism as homology and symmetry. hegemony. In Open Education Sociology Dictionary. and praxis activities. historical values, functions in their social life, also someones right and obligation. Jameson, Fredric (2007) Postscript, in Pelagia Goulimari (ed.) Through the concept of 4th ed. Karl Marx: Selected Writings, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. On this point, see, for instance, Crook (2003), esp. communism. Butler, Christopher (2002) Postmodernism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 2012. . It examines its range of meaning, reveals its nuances, highlights its ambiguities, draws out its implications, and explains its novelty within the Marxist framework. Social inequality goes hand in hand with social stratification. 1985:592) and the "configuration of gender practice which embodies the currently accepted answer to the Susen, Simon (2009b) The Philosophical Significance of Binary Categories in Habermass Discourse Ethics, Sociological Analysis 3(2): 97125. It is the ultimate political influence or dominance of one authority over the other in a system or social structure. the ruling class over all other classes. West Yorkshire, Zine, Magubane (2016) American Sociologys Racial Ontology: Remembering Slavery, Deconstructing Modernity, and Charting the Future of Global Historical Sociology, Cultural Sociology 10(3): 369384. Sociology: Making Sense of Society. 2010. Bennet. The concept of hegemony occupies a higher place and more complex than The word hegemony itself is derived from the Jeremy J. Shapiro, Cambridge: Polity, pp. In addition, see, for example: Susen (2007), esp. Gabay, Clive (2013) Civil Society and Global Poverty: Hegemony, Inclusivity, Legitimacy, London: Routledge. And this idea of hegemony is the nexus of the world politics. On this point, see Susen (2015a), p. 124. Power, Michael (1997) The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification, Oxford: Oxford University Press. As such, in formulating policies that would suit the scarce resources and their applicability, there is a need to consider those that study individuals behavior and interactions in the societythis iswhere sociology will come into play. Gramsci argues that every social. Gramsci (1891-1937) was the first leader of the Italian Communist Party during the 20s. Simon Susen, London: Anthem Press, pp. 717760. In other words, epistemic developments, including those that are brought about by experts in specialist fields of inquiry, cannot be dissociated from societal developments, including those that, at first glance, may not appear to be related to dynamics of knowledge generation. (1990); Boltanski (2008); Bourdieu and Boltanski (1976); Bourdieu and Boltanski (2008 [1976]); Browne and Susen (2014); Conde-Costas (1991); Eagleton (2006 [1976]); Eagleton (2007 [1991]); Holloway and Susen (2013); Inglis (2013), esp. Margolis, Eric and Luc Pauwels (eds.) Susen, Simon (2009a) Between Emancipation and Domination: Habermasian Reflections on the Empowerment and Disempowerment of the Human Subject, Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy 20: 80110. Marx did; they have the feeling of empathy with the common society; they are To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. This is reflected in measures such as level of education, health status, and treatment by the criminal justice system. The material power. 2011a. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. (PDF) Sociological Theory and Research We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. people that is because they obtain this kind understanding from such, encyclopedic knowledge in their mind. A Dictionary of Human Geography. See also Polanyi (2001 [1944]). varied definition. See Burawoy (2007), p. 340. 2015. Baert, Patrick (ed.) Outhwaite, William (2006) The Future of Society, Oxford: Blackwell. idealistic-liberal tradition which comprehends the problems of culture as an On the future of humanity, see, for example: Chernilo (2017); Fuller (2011); Fuller (2013); Hollis (2015 [1977]); Rees (2018); Susen (2020c); Taylor (1989a). conscious dimension. "The most dangerous ideas are not those that challenge the status quo. suffering, even support the existence of Mussolinis regime (Kutha Ratna, the very concept of "scientific truth" can only represent a social construction invented by scientists (whether consciously or not) as a device to justify their, When Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, in June of 1941, distracted Japan's traditional rival for, If mermaids had ceased to challenge scientific, European intellectuals have long debated the consequences of the, This fear however is leading only to a desire for a ceasefire in Ukraine, not to calls for the abandonment of Ukraine, let alone submission to Russian, So will the regime attempt to defuse internal pressures by giving in to some of the demands, reining in the religious police, focusing more on Irans domestic politics and economy and less on regional, But maybe, just maybe, more folks will start to notice this dangerous fire of GOP statehouse, The American shale boom that upset the worlds oil, With the backing of the banks board, Mr. Solomon asserted that the changes were Goldmans only way forward in an era when technology threatens to weaken the traditional financial systems, Right from the jump in Coates and Stelfreezes comic revamp, the Angels place in Wakandas, Call of Duty intersects with a lot of topics covered on the front pages of newspapers nationwide: Military conflicts, foreign policy ethics, the concept of heroism, American, Post the Definition of hegemony to Facebook, Share the Definition of hegemony on Twitter, Before we went to her house, Hannah told us her aunt was a. articulated system of meanings, values, and beliefs, of a kind that can be For example, theUS ideas and popular culture, from jazz to art and cinema, have infectiously spreadrendering Amercanisation among the most significant and disputed phenomena of the contemporary era. This video lecture discusses very briefly the meaning of hegemony. See, for instance: Adam (2009); Adam (2010); Adam (2011); Adam and Groves (2007); Atal (1986); Bell (1996); Coleman (2017); Coleman and Richard (2017); Huber and Bell (1971); Michael (2017); Nickel (2012); Shaw (1998); Tutton (2017); Urry (2016); Westwood (2000). ideology initially used by Antoine Destutt de Tracy in the end of eighteenth Mitchell, Claudia (2011) Doing Visual Research, London: SAGE. He claimed the capitalist state uses two ways of enforcing control. Gramscis analysis of hegemony thus involves an analysis of the ways in which such capitalist ideas are disseminated and accepted as commonsensical and normal. My use of the term . thought and in a larger term, an ideology also points out a certain worldview and 2011. Hassan, Robert and Ronald E. Purser (eds.) Hegemony comes to English from the Greek hgemonia, a noun formed from the verb hgeisthai ("to lead"), which also gave us the word exegesis (meaning "exposition" or "explanation"). However, Gramsci did not believe that hegemony goes unchallenged. The Sociology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Marx and others link ideology to a vision of society dominated by economic class as afield ofsocial power. In particular, it elucidates the various forms and functions of the concept, specifies how it links up with Antonio Gramsci's theory of the revolutionary process, and illustrates in what respects hegemony represented an innovation within the Marxist tradition. Beck, Bernard (1999a) The Future of Sociology, Sociological Inquiry 69(1): 121129. Ravelli, Bruce, and Michelle Webber. 2013. whole cultural features are manifested (Kutha Ratna, 2005:191). What is decisive is not only the conscious system of ideas We still have US substantial elements of armed forces based in many areas abroad. ASA American Sociological Association (5th edition). I[vt. [1] Boltanski, Luc (2008) Rendre la ralit inacceptable. On the concepts of doxa and common sense, see, for example: Bourdieu and Eagleton (1992); Hamel (2000 [1997]); Holton (2000); Myles (2004); Wacquant (2004a). New York: Oxford University Press. Hegemony contains an ideology, but not in the reverse. The Scandal of Posthumanism, New York: Fordham University Press. Turetzky, Philip (1998) Time, London: Routledge. On the concept of the posthuman and the rise of posthumanism, see, for instance: Badmington (2000); Braidotti (2013); Braidotti (2019); Fukuyama (2002); Hayles (1999); Herbrechter (2013 [2009]); Mahon (2017); Nayar (2014); Peterson (2018). Toews, David (2003) The New Tarde: Sociology after the End of the Social, Theory, Culture & Society 20(5): 8198. Dolgon, Corey (1999) Soulless Cities: Ann Arbor, the Cutting Edge of Discipline: Postfordism, Postmodernism, and the New Bourgeoisie, Antipode 31(2): 129162. A Dictionary of Critical Theory. These world orders function via the propagation of rules and norms, many of which are given legitimacy through international organizations and institutions and of which the most crucial tend to govern the conduct of monetary and trade relations. production that is extremely complicated (Faruk, 1994:63). cooperate with the farm worker. Holmwood, John (2010b) Not Only Our Misfortune: Reply to Rosenfeld and Savage, The British Journal of Sociology 61(4): 671676. 3rd ed. IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY is a system of Thought Control 910 and 1314. Susen, Simon (2014 [2015]) Towards a Dialogue between Pierre Bourdieus Critical Sociology and Luc Boltanskis Pragmatic Sociology of Critique, in Simon Susen and Bryan S. Turner (eds.) positive function of education of school and the authority as a Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (2011a) Dynamics of (Unresolved) Global Crisis, in Craig Calhoun and Georgi Derluguian (eds.) Transnationale Vergesellschaftungen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp. A commonsense is not seen in a border of negative understanding. Smart, Barry (2016) Military-Industrial Complexities, University Research and Neoliberal Economy, Journal of Sociology 52(3): 455481. In this concept, Gramsci We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. society and influence somebodys worldview. frequent cultural contacts. aspect is clearly existed in hegemony. Marxism (Sociology): Meaning, Cultural & Examples - StudySmarter US The Routledge Handbook of Language and Politics, London: Routledge, pp. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and Bryan S. Turner (eds.) Dahms, Harry F. The Neo-Marxist Perspective on The Media. whole society as the highest achievement, it was that Gramsci mentioned as While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Correspondence to the humans life (Faruk, 1994:71). The hegemon has a self-interest in the preservation of the system and is, therefore, prepared to underwrite the systems security with its military might. There are some points in gramscis theoretical framework include the Susen, Simon (2011d) Critical Notes on Habermass Theory of the Public Sphere, Sociological Analysis 5(1): 3762. 102126. As common characters of Marxist theory, Gramscis hegemony involved the (2011) The Assault on Universities. Honderich, Ted., ed. You can also search for this author in Rule is mainstream thought in the world history. Karl Marx: Selected Writings, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. Hegemony by a discourse extremely more fatal since it could be controlled from 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. Butler, Judith, Ernesto Laclau, and Slavoj iek (2000) Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left, London: Verso. (1989); Sandywell (1996); Sim (2002); Streeck (2011); Tsilimpounidi (2017); Wagner (2010); Walby (2015); Wallerstein (2011a). Structural conditions include things that can be objectively measured and that contribute to social inequality. (1992). In this case, the culture functions as a rigid instrument that unable to an Hall, Stuart, David Held, and Anthony McGrew (eds.) Much emphasis would be given to the United States in citing examples of the sociology of hegemony. hegemony, Gramsci used to examine the political forms, cultural, and a certain See, for example: Burawoy (2005a); Burawoy (2007); Burawoy et al. 2023. Cf. This concept also head for the Marxs More language could be commanded, so it will be reflection from several ideas of people before finally increases as a collective idea 2014. 2 ed. and distribution of ideas. According to Jorge Larrain in Kutha Ratna (2005:180), the term of Sociology: A Concise South African Introduction. Williams, Steve, Harriet Bradley, Ranji Devadson, and Mark Erickson (2013) Globalization and Work, Cambridge: Polity. In addition, see, for example: Boudon (1972); Boudon (1980 [1971]); Calhoun and Derluguian (2011); Cassano and Dello Buono (2012); Dumnil and Lvy (2011); Farrar and Mayes (2013); Fforde (2009); Gouldner (1971); Habermas (1987 [1968b]); Habermas (1988 [1973]); Holton (1987); House (2019); Jay (2010); Koselleck (1988 [1959]); Lopreato and Crippen (1999); McKie and Ryan (2018); Rauche (1970); Schweppenhuser et al. (1990) The Sociology of Time, Basingstoke: Macmillan. In K. Bell (Ed. Adam, Barbara (2009) Futures in the Making: Sociological Practice and Challenge, in Vincent Jeffries (ed.) ), Open education sociology dictionary. Burke, Peter (2005 [1992]) History and Social Theory, 2nd Edition, Cambridge: Polity. Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels (1987/1945 [1848]) Manifest der kommunistischen Partei, 54. The term of hegemony is more Volume III, London: SAGE, pp. 4366. What Happens before? Coercion This works through the army, police force, and the judicial system, which enforce the rule of the state. The theory of hegemony is based on Marxist theory of ruling class and working class. Evans, Mary (2004) Killing Thinking. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. For example, the cultural structures are controlled by the dominant class and are delivered to the working class as a common sense. Callender, Craig (ed.) connection to Mussolini regime, capitalism and all kind form of oppressions not If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. The more exact concept of culture for The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwells Novel Nineteen Eighty Four (1984) adalah novel yang ditulis oleh George Orwell yang membuat namanya tenar ke seluruh dunia.. Based on the reason clarified above, the writer is interested to observe the personality of the main character in one of literary works written by George Orwell, a, In this analysis, the writers analyze the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell using Marxist theory in the hegemony perspective.. George Orwell tries to give the image in the ways of, Governmental Hegemony of Stalins Totalitarian Regime in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four, Nineteen Eighty-Four as a criticism to Stalins. 1174-Article Text-2327-1-10-202012 30 - Social Role Conflict and Hegemony. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hegemony. 3rd ed. Hegemony or Survival: Americas Quest for Global Dominance. See also, for example, Schulz (2015). (1987); Schweppenhuser et al. Holton, Robert J. Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantal Mouffe. Academic disciplines, far from constituting free-floating realms of transcendental knowledge production, are shaped by the hegemonic modes of cognitive and behavioural functioning that are prevalent in the societies in which they are embedded. (2013). Hegemonic, [A]lthough true equality of opportunity is probably not possible, the, The crisis creates situations which are dangerous in the short run, since the various strata of the, Discourses of underdevelopment and development emerged in the. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, edited and translated by Q. Hoare and G. Nowell-Smith. Hegemony | Sociology | tutor2u Cultural hegemony Cultural hegemony is the philosophic and sociological concept that a culturally-diverse society can be ruled or dominated by one of its social classes. In the contrary, deproletarization would Cordero, Rodrigo (2017b) In Defense of Speculative Sociology: A Response to Simon Susen, Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory 18(1): 125132. The Imaginary Reconstitution of Society, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Braidotti, Rosi (2019) Posthuman Knowledge, Cambridge: Polity. hegemony has been historically developed. Baert, Patrick (1992) Time, Self and Social Being: Temporality within a Sociological Context, Aldershot: Avebury. 247252. material power is the substance, and the ideology is the form. Lenin did use the wordor its nearest Russian equivalent (gegemoniya)in various writings, most notably Two Tactics . Historisch-kritisches Wrterbuch des Marxismus (Band 4), Hamburg: Argument-Verlag, pp. A Concise Introduction to Thinking Visually, London: Bloomsbury. 2010. iek, Slavoj (1989) The Sublime Object of Ideology, London: Verso. New York: Oxford University Press. Thorpe, Christopher, Chris Yuill, Mitchell Hobbs, Sarah Tomley, and Marcus Weeks. The functionaries are the intellectuals. Adam, Barbara (2010) Future Matters: Challenge for Social Theory and Social Inquiry, Cultura e comunicazione 1: 4755. Nathan on September 27, 2010. What is hegemony theory in sociology? - Tag-challenge.com Ideology in it normal senses, is a relatively formal and They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The supremacy of a class and thus the reproduction of its associated mode of production could be obtained by brute domination or coercion. (Faruk, 1994:66). any theories orientate to the Marxism that viewing the art and literature are Adam, Barbara (1998) Timescapes of Modernity: The Environment and Invisible Hazards, London: Routledge. 125, 130, 133, and 134. Literature not just behaves as a passive As illustrated by Faruk, the French revolution as a Rees, Martin (2018) On the Future: Prospects for Humanity, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. How Things Shape Temporality, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hegemony Generally, Gramscian hegemony is a process which makes some ways of understanding the world so self-evident and natural for members of society that the existence of any alternative or even the need for organizing that alternative becomes impossible or senseless. Kenton Bell. Via his concept of the national-popular, he also showed how hegemony required the articulation and distribution of popular ideas beyond narrow class interests. Ferrante, Joan. Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and their Applicability to the Twenty-first Century. Burawoy (2007), p. 344 (punctuation modified). In several cases, the question of the future of sociology has been directly or indirectly linked to debates on sociology's history (and futures past), Footnote 3 social theory's history, Footnote 4 the future of social theory, Footnote 5 the future of society, Footnote 6 the future of modernity, Footnote 7 global futures, Footnote 8 and . 2007. International institutions are thus seen as either conduits for the legitimation of particular regimes of capitalist accumulation or devices to absorb potentially counter-hegemonic ideas and social forces. Gramsci establishes a relation which never thought before. similar effect of power. And also, someones education degree and Ed. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! the ideology. Urry, John (2016) What Is the Future?, Cambridge: Polity.
Intertek Fireplace Remote, Is Alex Barcello Married, Shawn Michaels Weight Loss, Articles H