Timeline for collecting signatures: One year after the petition is approved by the secretary of state (NDCC, 16.1-01-09). 5, 1). 53 7). The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: All campaign finance activity must be conducted through a campaign finance entity. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Not specified. What is on each petition: Petition must include the full text of the measure, the affidavit of the circulator (Const. Art. In these states, sponsors may take a draft, or even just an idea, to a legislative office for assistance with the form and content of the initiative before submitting the proposal to the appropriate state official. IV, pt. Const. Ballot title and summary: The title of the statute or resolution must be set out on the ballot, and the question printed upon the ballot for the information of the voters must be as follows: Shall the statute (setting out its title) be approved? (NRS 295.045). Majority to pass: Yes (Ark. II, 1g; O.R.C. 48, Init., Pt. 1-40-134). VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102). Art. 19-112), Colorado (Const. Stat. The Secretary of State's Office is currently operating on an appointment-only basis. Weve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. Verification: Counts total number and then takes 5 % random sample to verify signature accuracy (A.R.S. 3, 18 and 21-A M.R.S.A. Twenty-four states have citizen initiative processes. 3519.21). Code Ann. Public review or notice: Secretary of state publicizes the measure in newspapers in every county and prepares a pamphlet that is mailed to every mailing address in the state (5 ILCS 20/2). The legislature has 40 days to pass the unchanged initiative. What is on each petition: Serial number, name and address of paid circulator, and contents approved by secretary of state (F.S.A. Const. Fourteen states do not have any process for withdrawal: Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. 48, Init., Pt. 3, 17(3)). Art. Repeal or change restrictions: Laws approved by the people under the referendum provision of this section may be amended by the legislature at any subsequent session thereof (Const. General review of petition: After the hearings the proponents and Governor's Office of Management and Budget may revise (U.C.A. 34-1803b). Timeline for collecting signatures: May be circulated once the attorney general has drafted a circulating title and summary up to the 90th day after the enactment date of the statute. 12, 2). Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (SDCL 12-13-1.1 and -9). Law 6-203(c)). 354). Who creates petitions: Secretary of state prepares an official template for the cover sheet and signature sheets for each petition (ORS 250.052). 6, 1), Repeat measures: Two years (U.C.A. These guidelines may include an application process, registering a certain number of sponsors, submitting the full text and an explanation of the measure, affidavits, the office or offices to file with, registering a proponent or opposition organization, campaign finance issues and the process for withdrawing an initiative. ucla environmental science graduate program; four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct; woburn police scanner live. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited. Additional statements for ballot measure committees are due April 30 and Oct. 31 (Govt. Fifteen% of those residing in at least two-thirds of the counties of the state, as determined by those who voted in the preceding general election in that county. 2, 8), Proponent organization and requirements: Statement of organization and filing fee with secretary of state and local filing officer, arguments for measure (Cal.Gov.Code 84101, 84101.5; Cal.Elec.Code 9065, 9067). Laws authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Must obtain a petition entity license before circulating petitions or paying circulators (CRS 1-40-135(2)). They represent direct check on democracy as people can exercise their powers to accept or reject a piece of legislation. 116.334). Art. [2] Three initiatives were on the California ballot the next year, in 1912, when measures 6, 7 and 8 -- to consolidate local governments, prohibit bookmaking, and set procedures for local taxation -- were all defeated. 5 1; 7-9-122), Maine (M.R.S.A. If the legislature does not enact the proposition, then proponents may collect the additional 5% signatures required to get the measure onto the ballot. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. 14, 3), Majority to pass: Three-fifths of those voting on the amendment itself or a majority of those voting in the election (ILCS Const. Sponsoring committee must file a statement of renumeration prior to circulating signatures if circulators will be paid. Const. Const. XVI, 1; Art. 250.025). Once this power is secured the other popular govern-ment features will be added, until conventions, the ready instru-mentality of the political dictator, will be abolished and the direct primary, corrupt practices act and recall will be established. IV, 1). Art. A person also qualifies as a ballot measure committee if 2% or more of its annual revenues, operating expenses or funds are used to make contributions to another ballot measure committee which exceed $10,000 in value (ACA 9-7-402). 3, 4; Art. Const. May not repeal/modify the state's Bill of Rights, amend/repeal provisions relating to the state's public employees' retirement system, amend/repeal right-to-work provision or modify the initiative process, and special rules if includes expenditures. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. 3, 1; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. They are an effort to ensure that petition signers do not represent just the interests of heavily populated areas. 1. guarantee government jobs for the unemployed. 67-6602, 67-6607). 2, 4, Pt. Cure period for insufficient signatures: None. Timeline for collecting signatures: If the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the signatures are deemed insufficient, they may collect more (O.R.S. Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statute, direct initiative for constitutional amendment, and popular referendum, Other subject restrictions: No private or special laws (Const. 116.160; 116.180; 115.245; 116.210; 116.220). If the board is unable to verify the genuineness of a signature on a petition using the digitized signature contained in the qualified voter file, the board may cause any doubtful signatures to be checked against the registration records by the clerk of any political subdivision in which the petitions were circulated, to determine the authenticity of the signatures or to verify the registrations (MCL 168.476). 100.371). Code Ann. Federal courts have invalidated payment-per-signature bans in Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Mississippi, Ohio and Washington. Public review or notice: None other found.. Circulator requirements: 18 years-old and US citizen and sworn oath by an official sponsor of the initiative as to the identities of the proposed circulators (W.S.1977 22-24-306). 12, 2; M.C.L.A. Application must include act to be referred; statement of approval or rejection; printed name, signature, address and numerical identifier of not less than 100 qualified voters who will serve as sponsors; the designation of a referendum committee consisting of three sponsors who will represent all sponsors and subscribers in matters relating to the referendum. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: A committee must be formed upon the occurrence of any of the following in a calendar year: receiving contributions in excess of $2,000, making independent expenditures totaling $1,000 or more or making contributions totaling $10,000 or more (Govt. If a congressional district has 90 % of the needed valid signatures, the petition fails in that district. XVI, 1), Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election (Ohio Const. Code Ann. Art. This was held to be constitutional. XVI, 2). What is on each petition: Sponsors create petitions pursuant to guidelines in statute. So as a whole, the free. Amend. Which election is a measure on: Next statewide or special election after the legislative session concludes sine die (21-A M.R.S.A. Petitions must be submitted not more than 90 days after the end of the session at which the act was passed. V, 1(3)). Art. Number of signatures required: 4% of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last election (Const. 3, 4; Art. Types allowed: Initiative for constitutional amendments only, Single subject rule: Yes (F.S.A. 3, 18). Art. 14, 3). If the referendum question gains enough "yes" votes, then . Stat. Verification: Not specified (Wyo. Statewide general election, and 90 days before the first day of the legislative session and the first five measures make it on the ballot. The popular referendum process allows voters to approve or repeal an act of the legislature. Code Ann. Only regular state, congressional and municipal elections, and filed at least four months before election. Const. Code 84202.3). 113 (Nov. 2020) as a reference. Prov., 3. Public review or notice: Public may comment for 15 days on petition once it is approved for circulation, and may attend hearing held by joint committee on legislative research, with comments from that meeting made public, and newspaper publication (V.A.M.S. 5, 1). States include a range of requirements for petition contents including legal warnings, serial numbers provided by officials, notarization, date of the election the measure is to be voted upon, the measures full text, summary, the district or county where the signature was gathered, if the circulator is paid, fiscal statement abstract, affidavit of circulator, circulator information, rights of the potential signer, names of proponents or proponent organization, statement of the proponent organization and deadline for signatures. Fifteen % for amendments (A.R.S. A statement of 100 words or less by secretary of administration and finance regarding fiscal consequences of the measure. Art. Art. Art. Application process information: No fees or application, Where to file with: Secretary of state (M.C.L.A. Nebraska Const. Art. Where to file: Secretary of state (NRS 32-1405). Subject restrictions: No law that relates to religion, religious practices or religious institutions; or to the appointment, qualification, tenure, removal or compensation of judges; or to the powers, creation or abolition of courts; or the operation of which is restricted to a particular town, city or other political division or to particular districts or localities of the commonwealth; or that appropriates money for the current or ordinary expenses of the commonwealth or for any of its departments, boards, commissions or institutions shall be the subject of a referendum petition (Const. Application process information: State Board of Elections is empowered to adopt regulations specifying procedures for filing and circulating petitions (Elec. Four states require a filing fee in statute. IV, pt. Conflicting measures: The amendment which receives the greatest number of affirmative votes shall be paramount in all particulars as to which there is conflict even though such amendment may not have received the greater majority of affirmative votes (Neb. Art. 116.332). Application for Initiative or Referendum Serial Number. Other requirements may include a legal warning, a statement that the petition circulator is paid, a summary of the proposed measure, the full text of the measure, the county or district where the signature was collected, a warning to signers and more. Art. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (RCW 29A.72.060). 7-9-105). II, 1(b) and RCW 29A.72.150). Repeat measures: Two years (MS Const. Art. 2, 10), the legislature cannot change or alter measures on its own and must resubmit changes to the people unless the original measure passed by voters waived this requirement. Initiative is a legislative proposal that originates with the people. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Secretary of state verifies the signatures for total number and from two-thirds of the counties (W.S.1977 22-24-316). 48, Pt. Attorney general drafts summary for ballot (A.C.A. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No (Const. If they win they keep their seat for the remainder of their term, if they lose they are removed from their term immediately. 15, 273 and Miss. Art. Art. 14, 9). 3519.08). Const. Art. 902) concisely require the counting and verification of signatures, without detailed guidance. Art. Subject restrictions: The power of referendum does not extend to acts making appropriations for state institutions or to meet deficiencies in state funds (Const. 19-124). 5, 1). Rev. Submission deadline of signatures: Generally 110 days before the election. II, 1g and O.R.C. 5, 6; 34 Okl.St.Ann. Sponsors draft summary and submit to board of state canvassers for approval. What is on each petition: The format follows statute guidelines, must be notarized, must have specific language including legal warning, ballot title and abstract from fiscal impact statement (CRS 1-40-110, 1-40-105.5). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. Registration is required before making an expenditure for or against a ballot measure. Fiscal review: Prepared by legislative council (CRS 1-40-105.5). 3501.38). Public reviews for 30 days and provides comments to the proponent. Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (21-A MRS 902 and 903-A). Art. Withdrawal of petition: Only before submissions (10 ILCS 5/28-3), Petition title and summary creation: Proponents, no statute (ILCS Const. 116.320). 1953, Const. 295.055). 13, 1). Petitions must be submitted not less than four months prior to the next general election. A requirement for 5% of the registered voters in two-fifths of the counties each was held unconstitutional, but that case was vacated because of an issue of standing. 22-24-411). Const. 5, 11; Art. Seven states specify a process for withdrawing a popular referendum petition from circulation; the remaining states do not. 8). 116.320). Where to file with: Secretary of state (N.R.S. III, 2). 5, 1), Single subject rule: Yes (Cal.Const. Petition title and summary creation: The title of the act subject to the petition appears on the petition (Utah Code 20A-7-303). 48, Init., Pt. Conflicting measures: Measure receiving most affirmative votes prevails, even if it did not receive the greatest majority of affirmative votes (V.A.M.S. Timeline for collecting signatures: Have 180 days (M.C.L.A. Code Ann. Art. 3, 8). Rev. 354, Michigan: M.C.L.A. Art. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. No appropriations or other new revenues not provided for in the measure. Other Subject restrictions: Cannot dedicate revenues, make or repeal appropriations, create courts, define the jurisdiction of courts, prescribe court rules, enact local or special legislation, or enact legislation prohibited by the Wyoming constitution (Const. Majority to pass: Yes (OK Const. Single subject rule: Yes (OR CONST Art. 19, 1 and NRS 295.045). 3, 52). Which election is a measure on: Next general election held at least 131 days after signatures are certified. Fiscal review: Yes (W.S.1977 22-24-309). Constitution 48, Pt. 6, 22), Other Subject restrictions: No restrictions (See U.C.A. 116.153; 116.025). The secretary of state writes arguments for and against the measure with information provided by proponents and opponents (Neb.Rev.St. Const. 3, 50 and V.A.M.S. 7-9-108). Eighteen states require proponents to file application materials with the states secretary of state: Two states require proponents to file application materials with the lieutenant governor: Five states require proponents to file application materials with the attorney general: Four states require filing with another entity: None listed, but must register organization with board of elections. Art. 2, 3). Const. Code 9006). Most state statutes include some type of sampling, such as in the cases of Arizona (A.R.S. 1953 20A-7-201). See Elec. 3501.38; 3519.05). Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 21st and seventh days immediately preceding an election and the 10th day of the first full month after an election. Maine: If neither receives a majority, the one receiving the most votes, if it receives more than one-third of the votes given for or against both, will appear at the next statewide election to be held not less than 60 days after the vote (M.R.S.A. For statute, 8% of total votes cast for governor in last general election. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. Verification: The legislature may authorize generally accepted statistical procedures. Initiative. Laws 168.471. The decision may take the form of a ballot question, a private survey, or a poll. 19-121), Which election is a measure on: Next general election after filing (A.R.S. If the legislature fails to enact the proposal as written, sponsors then go through a second stage of signature gathering. Art. Fiscal review: Office of Fiscal and Program Review prepares (1 M.R.S.A. Art. Public review or notice: The attorney general shall provide a 10-day public comment period after the release of draft title and explanation and revise accordingly after the comment period closes. Art. 2. St. 32-630 and -1404), Nevada (N.R.S. General review of petition: The secretary of state reviews and if the office deems it insufficient, the committee of petitioners has 20 days to correct it (NDCC Const. Const. Art. 32-1407), Submission deadline of signatures: Four months prior to the general election (Neb. A ballot summary is prepared by Department of Legislative Services and approved by attorney general Elec. 4, Pt. Stat. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. II, 9 and MCL 168.471). N.R.S. Denial of certification shall be subject to judicial review (Const. Art. Signatures gathered in violation of these requirements are void (ARS 19-101(A)). Accessible across all of today's devices: phones, tablets, and desktops. Every state also includes requirements as to how the authenticity of signatures are verified, and constitutional amendments often require more signatures than statutory changes. Const. 116.334). 116.320). Art. Code Ann. There is another kind of referendum, called the plebiscite (from a Latin term meaning decree of the people), whereby questions or issues are submitted to the vote of the people. Application process information: Petition as to be circulated is filed with secretary of state prior to circulation and must include the title of the referred law, the effective date, the date of the election at which it will be submitted. Ten% of votes cast in last general election. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Petitions cannot be filed more than 65 days before the deadline. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: None. Types allowed: Citizen initiative for statutes and popular referendum, Other subject restrictions: No restrictions (Const. referendum and initiative, electoral devices by which voters may express their wishes with regard to government policy or proposed legislation. Where to file: State Board of Election Commissioners (Const. XVI, 3(b)). No veto by governor for either measure passed by voters or legislature (M.C.L.A. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: At least 30 days must pass between the filing of the petition and the election (Const. 14, 9; MCA 13-27-503; 13-27-504). What is on each petition: A fair, concise summary of the proposed measure must appear at the top, along with the names and residences of the first 10 signers (Const. Art. Const. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Law 7-105. Art. Application process information: The person(s) or organization(s) under whose authority the measure is to be referred must deliver to the secretary of state the petition, signed by at least 20 qualified electors of the state (IC 34-1804). b. actions at New England town meetings. 3, 5). In the United States, amendments to state constitutions also must be put before the voters for approval. Where to file with: Attorney general (O.R.C. Cure period for insufficient signatures: Subsequent to the filing of a petition under this subtitle, but prior to the deadline for filing the petition, additional signatures may be added to the petition by filing an amended information page and additional signature pages conforming to the requirements of this subtitle (Elec. Ballot issue committees must file reports of contributions and expenditures on or before the fourth and second Friday immediately preceding a general election and on or before the second Tuesday after a general election. Details: Every initiative state requires some form of public notice. II, 1(d)). 295.056. Art. 48, Pt. Geographic distribution: 10% of the votes cast in the last general election in each of three-fourths of the counties, or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the operation (Const. Amend. 48, Pt. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (ORS 250.065(4)). Art. Art. Public review or notice: Newspaper publication, and the public has 10 days to file a protest as to the constitutionality of the measure (34 Okl.St.Ann. An act that was suspended by a petition and is approved by the people is effective the date the result of the canvass is filed by the secretary of state (MCA 13-27-105(3)).
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