Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. Use Initials or forename unpunctuated and with no spaces followed by surname.
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For example. If known, give the number of the page on which the article was published, after the brackets. Footnotes: For example: Tom Bingham, The Rule of Law (Alan Lane 2010). A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. Citations of provisions should be abbreviated as follows: Where the reference is the first word in a sentence or footnote, the full word should be used, e.g. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. ); and (5) success of synthesis between areas for those submissions purporting to be interdisciplinary. When citing an interview you conducted yourself, give the name, position and institution (as relevant) of the interviewee, and the location and full date of the interview. Bill title HC Bill (Session) [Bill number]. OSCOLA Referencing Guide. Cite a Bill by its title, the House in which it originated, the Parliamentary session in brackets, and the running number assigned to it. It was the thirteenth judgement issued by the House of Lords (UKHL) in 2008. If you cant find a judgement in the Law Reports, you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports. An example of a footnote for an online article: James Gobert, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' If citation advice is provided by the online journal, follow it, removing full stops as necessary to comply with OSCOLA. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Summer School 2023 is filling up fast. If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. Treat case notes with titles as if they are journal articles. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. Use a short version of the title if the full title is longer than three words. The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. Use ( )if the date of publication is NOT needed to find the article eg. When citing newspaper articles, give the author, the title, the name of the newspaper in italics and then in brackets the city of publication and the date. Journal of International Business Studies. As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. Remove additional data for ONLINE sources, Enter the date you accessed the journal in dd Month YYYY format. It is a guide to legal citation developed by the Oxford Law Faculty and is an authoritative way to prepare legal citation in the UK academic world. JAG Griffith, 'The Common Law and the Political Constitution' (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. Secondary sources include books, journal articles, legal blogs, encyclopedias like Halsbury's, Topic guides in Westlaw, and anything that isn't 'the law'. Oscola by Donal Nolan (Editor); Sandra Meredith (Editor); Faculty of Law, University of Oxford Staff Call Number: D 340.074 OSC ISBN: 9781849463676 Publication Date: 2012-04-26 Examples of citing sources using OSCOLA These are some examples of how you might cite some common legal materials using OSCOLA. Paragraph numbers appear in square brackets and can be used for pinpointing in the same way as page numbers: Note that if youre pinpointing a judges comments within a case report, you include the name of the judge, and some special terms and abbreviations are used in the citation and in the text. Published on hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~
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concept X, not concept X). Repeating citations short forms and ibid, https://libguides.northampton.ac.uk/oscolaguide. The only Latin term that is acceptable to use within the OSCOLA style is ibid, for the instances when you are referring to the same source in consecutive footnotes. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. For detailed Information to include: Neville states that The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal was involved in developing the OSCOLA referencing system. Laurie,Genetic Privacy,supra n. 24, p. 3 or Laurie and Dove, Consent and Anonymisation,supran. 25, pp. Author,Title in Italics(edition, publisher date) page. In general only include the web address when the document is only available online, when the web address ia especiallyhelpful for finding the document and when the web address is static (eg. Authors should provide an abstract of 250 words or fewer, which will appear under the listing of the published version.
OSCOLA Referencing Guide - UKEssays.com To indicate that words have been omitted from a quote, please use ellipses () without any spaces around them,e.g. Case name in italics [year] court number, [year] OR (year) volume report abbreviation first page. The OJ citation should be: year, OJ series, number / page. Rose v Melanson (2005), 194 OAC 186 (Ont CA). If you do not know the page numbers then leave this blank and [no pagination] will be entered. Otherwise, follow the rules for Books. Lord Williams. Do notuse italics for text in the footnote unless it is a Latin abbreviation or a reference to a case or book requiring italics (e.g. For example: Council Directive 2002/60/EC of 27 June 2002 laying down specific provisions for the control of African swine fever and amending Directive 92/119/EEC as regards Teschen disease and African swine fever [2002] OJ L192/27.
Original source cited again but with different page numbers Your email address will not be published. A Court of Appeal Judge who is Lord or Lady Smith should be referred to asSmith LJ. When you dont need to use the year to identify the law report volume, give the year of judgement (not publication) in round brackets. The format in which you present this information varies according to the type of source; examples are presented in the following section.
OSCOLA citation generator - Grafiati For older statutes, you can give the regnal year and chapter number.
A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples - Scribbr Generally, footnotes should be used for citationof sources, rather than for additional text. J, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' Alison L Young, 'In Defence of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. You do not need to use the Honourable. If there is a direct quote/speaker, reverse the author's name as usual. Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. Put a comma after the first page of the article if there is a pinpoint. This means that for subsequent references of a source, you dont have to repeat the full citation. A case name should be given as it appears in the most authoritative report of the case. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Give the editors or editors name(s) as above for the author, with ed./eds. following immediately in brackets. Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. The abbreviation preceding a command paper number depends on the year of publication: 183369 (C (1stseries)) 187099 (C (2nd series)) 190018 (Cd) 191956 (Cmd) 195786 (Cmnd) 1986 (Cm). List in the bibliography in alphabetical order under Secondary Sources.
OSCOLA (Law) - Referencing - LibGuides at University of - Strath Normann Witzleb and others No author Speaker (if a direct quote)/Presenter, 'Title of the programme' (Radio station, date of the programme). For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and "and . Once approved by the author, the manuscript will be treated by SCRIPTed as final and ready for publication. when footnote 34 says, supran. 25, make sure that footnote 25 contains the information that it should). In this first example the pinpoints are at the end to paragraphs 42 and 45 of the case: In this example for a secondary source the page number 131 is given at the end: For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 2.1.6 and OSCOLA 4.2.5. When you cite EU treaties and protocols, give the title of the legislation, followed by the year of publication, the OK series and the issue and page numbers. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, sch. Changes will be sent to the author for approval. Communications (Isle of Man) Order 2020, SI 2020/149. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets.
OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Journal Articles - Swansea University OSCOLA, a UK Standard for Legal Citation - Cambridge Core Paul Craig, Theory, Pure Theory and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440. Alison L Young, In Defence of Due Deference (2009) 72 MLR 554. Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for other source types. If you find you have to use secondary referencing, in the footnote cite the source you have read, followed by citing For example: In the bibliography insert only the source you have read. J Herring). You can also use the OSCOLA Quick Reference Guide for ease when referencing. More than one author If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. Morten Hviid, Sofia Izquierdo-Sanchez, and Sabine Jacques, Computers as Inventors Legal and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law, http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk, Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA), https://www.openrightsgroup.org/blog/2017/a-brief-chance-for-better-uk-data-protection-law, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/09/uber-licence-drivers-gmb-transport-for-london, Timed influence: The future of Modern (Family) life and the law, Predicting Innovation: Why Facebook/WhatsApp Merger Flunked, Georgia vs. Public.Resource.org: The Morning After. For example, this footnote refers to two cases: If one or more references are more relevant than the others put these first and then see also. A downloadable version of this OSCOLA style guide, with some extra details, Details for citing international law sources. eighty-four), unless they refer to a percentage, in which case it appears as, for example, 25%. Cross citation is when you are referring to discussion in another part of your writing, for example on an earlier page or in a previous chapter.
Referencing Styles: OSCOLA | The Online Library For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. References to Recitals in EU legislation to retain the full word Recital, e.g. This rule applies for all conjunctions (including IP, IT, ICT, etc). For example, the following is a citation of volume 3, page 75 of Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England: OSCOLA provides a list of these abbreviations in their full guide, section 4.2.3. Greenleaf G, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT
accessed 27 July 2010, Sarah Cole, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (, Cole S, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (. In the bibliography list all of the authors. Finding credible sources Use search strategies to narrow down your results, and evaluate the sources that are appropriate for your assignment. List cases in the bibliography in alphabetic order of case names. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. Where cases concern only individuals, leave out forenames and initials. OR:See text to n 22. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader". To cite a print journaluse the following format: Author, title [year] journal name or abbreviation first page of article, Author, title (year) volume journal name or abbreviation first page of article. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.1 and 1.2. The following website is a useful reference: http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Brown J/Green MR/Yellow LJ/SCC/HL/CA/QC/Co/Ltd/USA/USSR/WTO/UN/UNESCO/IT/AI). twenty-four). In OSCOLA referencing, referring to a specific page number within a source is called pinpointing. A High Court judge should be called, for example, Mr Justice Brown, or, if a woman (and regardless of whether she is married) Mrs Justice Smith). SCRIPTed uses the Oxford comma, e.g. For multiple authors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. OSCOLA referencing places citations in footnotes, which are marked in the text with footnote numbers: The judge referred to the precedent established by Caulfield v Baldwin.1. The letter L refers to the legislation series. statutes and so on), as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, websites and policy statements . For more detailed information, see OSCOLA Appendix 4.2. Put a comma after the first page of the article if you want to refer to a particular page or set of pages: If the year serves as the volume identifier, put the year in square brackets [ ]. 4th ed.) if applicable; and. Our comprehensive guide refers to the 4th edition of OSCOLA produced by the University of Oxford. do not write See n. 12.). Eg, the Director of Public Prosecutions should appear as DPP not D.P.P. Author,Title(edition,Publisher | year) page number. authordate -- Author/date style citation styles beebe -- A collection of bibliographies besjournals -- Bibliographies suitable for British Ecological Society journals bestpapers -- A BibTeX package to produce lists of authors' best papers bib2gls -- Command line application to convert .bib files to glossaries-extra.sty resource files It is good practice to use cross citation as little as possible. Include the person's position if relevant. Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Subject Guides: Referencing styles - a Practical Guide: OSCOLA Cross referencing - Referencing and citations - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Page numbers stand-alone without p or pp. The table of cases comes first, followed by the table of legislation, and then the bibliography. Journal articles. All submissions will be subject to the journals Editorial and Refereeing Policies. Referencing - OSCOLA Secondary sources Primary sources are the law itself -- cases, legislation, regulations. Remove Additional Authors, Add a 5th Author A single space should be used after full stops and other punctuation marks. Bibliography: Omit reference to specific page numbers (other than the first page of the article) in your bibliographic entry. Unless otherwise specified below, SCRIPTed follows the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). If you are yourself the author or recipient of the communication, say from author or to author as appropriate. If the subsequent citation is directly after the full citation, simply use the term ibid. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. (iii) By multiple authors Either list all the authors' names or list the first author's name followed by "et al." D AVID H UNTER ET AL., I NTERNATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL L AW AND P OLICY 555 (3rd ed. When pinpointing (referring to a specific page in an article) put the first page of the article followed by a comma, a space and the page of the pinpoint. This will be the case for virtually all articles found in Westlaw, Lexis and Hein Online. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. John Smith; Edinburgh; European Union; Scottish Enlightenment), but not for other terms. X argues that Y.1 NOT X argues that Y1.). In this system, citations are put in footnotes at the bottom of the page. Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article, Select a different Source Type See examples, Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal, You must enter at least one Author including their first initial, Add a 3rd Author If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. Debian -- stretch texlive-bibtex-extra If no neutral citation exists, as with cases before 2002, you can just begin with the report. You do not need to include any information about Westlaw or Lexis Library in your citations, as this is just the portal through which you accessed the report, legislation or article. Unless otherwise specified below, SCRIPTed follows the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). Gunther Teubner, Legal Irritants: Good Faith in British Law or How Unifying Law Ends up in New Divergences [1998] MLR 11. Tonking S,Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. Revised on For specific references, include a comma, followed by p. and the page number. You can search by abbreviation to find the title, or by title to find the abbreviation. Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. Paul Craig, Theory, Pure Theory and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440, Griffith JAG, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42. Try to avoid secondary referencing as it is always preferable to use the original source and you should always try to locate this. 636 0 obj
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House of Commons bills are cited slightly differently from House of Lords bills. If a case is reported in the Law Reports you should cite it in preference to any other report. Explanatory Notes to the Charities Act 2006, para 15. OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment), [1992] 4 All ER 649 (CA). For example (ed) or (tr). OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Generator - LawTeacher.net There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. You should cite Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions by giving the legislation type, number and title, followed by publication details in the OJ. If the information is available in print, reference the print version. 1. If the relevant law report series was also issued in more than one volume in that particular year, give it a volume number. In text:refer to the text giving case names in italics eg: InPhipps v Boardman31.. For most sources in OSCOLA, the bibliographic format is the same as the footnote. Bill title HL Bill (Session) Bill number. Alison L Young, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. When citing a case, youll usually begin with a neutral citation a way of referring to the case that does not relate to a particular report and then give the details of the report afterwards. For more details see3.4.3 OSCOLA 4th ed. If necessary, refer to specific parts of an Act of Parliament using section, subsection and paragraph numbers. The information to include depends on the types of source - see the examples. A citation footnote appears whenever you quote from, paraphrase or otherwise refer to the content of a source in your text. The Assistant Editor is responsible for sending the submission to at least two recognised experts for independent, external peer review. You write HC Bill or HL Bill depending upon which house it is, and bill numbers for Commons bills appear in square brackets. If neither of these is the case, use J for judge, e.g. Lets look at the OSCOLA system in detail, and how you can cite a wide range of legal sources. Example: Topping S, Beck D and Wilson P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). OSCOLA was first devised in 2000 by Regius Professor Peter Birks, with the aim of reducing the "woeful waste of scholarly time caused by the absence of a national standard for citation . With online journals that have been published electronically, give publication details the same way you would for hard copy journal articles. hb```lKa1.I
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To pinpoint, simply include a page number at the end of your reference, in addition to any page numbers already included. Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. When referencing a source that is online other than a journal or book, cite the name of the author (or institution), followed by the title of the webpage. When you cite hard copy journal articles, give the authors name first, followed by a comma. A footnote always ends with a full stop: To save space in OSCOLA citations, abbreviations are used for the names of various publications and legal bodies. If there is more than one editor or translator, put (eds) or (trs). Retrieved 27 February 2023, You must enter the date that you accessed the article. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. Information to include: For example: Use an indented paragraph, no quotation marks and a line space above and below. Usesingle quotation marksand include within the text. See page 10-11 of the 4th edition of OCSCOLA. For more detailed information see OSCOLA 2.1.7. No comma should appear between the word Act and the year. Cross-references to footnotes above should take the form supran. 25, and cross-references to footnotes below should take the form infra n. 25. If submissions are made in a language other than English, the Title and Abstract (not exceeding 250 words) must also be submitted in English. When referencing a specific article in a collected work please provide the author(s) name and chapter title (with all primary words capitalised), in double quotation marks ( ). Enter the DOI of the journal you wish to reference. For those where multiple volumes appear in one year, the year appears in square brackets. (e.g. Traditional multispectral detectors usually consist of multiple monochromatic detectors or use filters to achieve specific wavelength detection. T2p210g0r`>Pj%mei P *VBQ@\37U0wt0TtVtw4dw4"v0;*:Hp,PZ=Hs1~13pa`
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27. ibid 271-78. When a source has 2 authors, list the last name of the first author's name in your Works Cited entry, followed by a comma. The number is displayed in superscript (i.e. Blah, blah.). [Online]. Use the following abbreviations: Official notices of the EU are in the Official Journal of the European Communities (which is abbreviated to OJ). When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. Headings within the text are encouraged. Introduction to OSCOLA referencing style The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, and is widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. For a case, cite in full the first time. In-text citations & footnotes OSCOLA uses a footnote citation system. There are a number of ways you can pinpoint specific details within publications, depending on what the publication is. 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. an article/pdf/ebook is available anywhere in print format, you should cite it as you would a printed piece of work (even if you have read it online). If it does not follow on directly, put the author's surname followed by a cross reference to the original footnote, eg. Ensure that every footnote corresponds correctly with the footnote that it references (e.g. For reports where each year is also identified with a volume number, the year appears in normal brackets. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. The company contracts with institutions, including the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Yale, for the use of their facilities, and also contracts with tutors from those institutions, but does not operate under the aegis of the University of Oxford or those other institutions. Javan Herberg, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989). author, | 'Title' | date | volume number | journal title | 1st page of article | pinpoint (if needed) Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. Needless to say, the add for more details. for more details. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. List the edition (abbreviated to edn) when it is stated on the title page. nmbib -- Multiple versions of a bibliography, with different sort orders notes2bib -- Integrating notes into the bibliography notex-bst -- A BibTeX style that outputs HTML oscola -- BibLaTeX style for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities perception -- BibTeX style for the journal Perception Lecturer, School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, name@institution.ac.uk). OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. OSCOLA does not purport to be comprehensive, but gives rules and examples for . Bibliography - Referencing - OSCOLA - LibGuides at University of West Jane Croft, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010) 3. Journal Articles - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Coventry University Only do this if paragraph numbers are explicitly used in the text. 1. If submissions are made in a language other than English, the Title and Abstract must also be submitted in English. If there is no date of publication on the website, give only the date of access. Youve extracted the key research, peppered your content with incisive observations, and youve just typed the last words of your Law essay conclusion. Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Example: T opi ng S, Beck D a d Wils P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). 1 1. A full, searchable index of these abbreviations can be found here. If available online, include the URL and date of access. If the judge is a peer, refer to them as Lord, e.g. A hyphen - should be used as a word separator (e.g. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. If you read a book in a language other than English (eg, you read a book written in German), cite the primary source in the original language: Cite a book review in the same way as a journal article, but without the quote marks. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. For shorter essays, this is usually not necessary, but do check your institutions guidelines. hb```,+@(
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